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Posted by:
DEEPAK PRABHU.M
Article
viewed:
836 times |
OSI Seven Layer Model and IP Suite
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OSI Seven Layer Model and IP Suite
Description:
A layering model is the most common way to divid a protocol suite
to subparts and describe them individually. Layering help us to have better
understanding of a protocol suite.
The seven layers model, introduced by the International Organization
for Standardization more than 20 years ago.
Layer
Responsibilities
1.Physical Layer Basic hardware components for networks.i.e. RS-232 specification
2.Data Link Layer Frame format, Transmitting frames over the net.i.e. bit/byte stuffing, checksum
3.Network Layer Address assignment, Packet s forwarding methods
4.Transport Layer Transfer correctness
5.Session Layer
Establishing a
communication session, security, Authentication,i.e. passwords
6.Presentation Layer Computers represent data in different ways (char, integer) thus the
protocol need to translate the data to and from the local node.
7.Application Layer Specifications for applications using the network, how to send a request,
how to specify a filename over the net, how to respond to a request etc..
Internet protocol suite
PPP(Point-to-Point Protocol)
A protocol for creating a TCP/IP
connection over both synchronous and asynchronous systems. PPP
provides connections for host to network or between two routers, It
also has a security mechanism. PPP is well known as a protocol for
connections over regular telephone lines using modems on both
ends. This protocol is widthly used for connecting personal computers
to the internet.
SLIP(Serial Line Internet Protocol)
A point-to-point protocol to use
over a serial connection, a predecessor of PPP. There is also an
advanced version of this protocol known as CSLIP (compressed serial
line internet protocol) which reduce overhead on a SLIP connection by
sending just a header information when possible, thus increasing packet
throughput.
FTP(File Transfer Protocol)
FTP enables transferring of text and
binary files over TCP connection. FTP allows to transfer files
according to a strict mechanism of ownership and access restrictions.
It is one of the most commonly used protocols over the internet now
days.
Telnet(Networking Terminal)
Telnet is
a terminal emulation protocol, defined in RFC854, for use over a TCP
connection. It enables users to login to remote hosts and use their
resources from the local host.
SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
This protocol is dedicated for
sending EMail messages originated on a local host, over a TCP
connection, to a remote server. SMTP defines a set of rules which
allows two programs to send and receive mail over the network.
The protocol defines the data structure that would be delivered with
information regarding the sender, the recipient (or several recipients)
and, of course, the mail s body.
HTTP( Hyper Text Transport Protocol)
A protocol used to transfer hypertext pages across the world wide web.
SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol)
A simple protocol that defines messages
related to network management. Through the use of SNMP network devices
such as routers can be configured by any host on the LAN.
UDP(User Datagram Protocol)
A simple protocol that transfers
datagram (packets of data) to a remote computer. UDP doesn t guarantee
that packets will be received in the same order they were sent. In fact
it doesn t guarantee delivery at all.
TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)
Like UDP, a protocol that enables a
computer to send data to a remote computer. Unlike UDP, TCP is reliable
i.e. packets are guaranteed to wind up at their target, at the correct
order.
IP (Internet Protocol)
IP is the underline protocol for all the other
protocols in the TCP/IP protocol suite. IP defines the means to
identify and reach a target computer on the network. Computer in the IP
world are identify by unique numbers which are known as IP address.
ARP(Address Resolution Protocol)
In order to map an IP address into a
hardware address the computer uses the ARP protocol which broadcast a
request message that contains an IP address, to which the target
computer replies with both the original IP address and the hardware
address.
NNTP( Network News Transport Protocol)
A protocol used to carry USENET posting between News clients and USENET servers.
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