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Posted by:
DEEPAK PRABHU.M
Article
viewed:
1012 times |
The Scala Programming Language
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The Scala Programming Language
Scala is a modern multi-paradigm programming language designed to
express common programming patterns in a concise, elegant, and
type-safe way. It smoothly integrates features of object-oriented and
functional languages.
Scala is object-oriented
Scala is a pure object-oriented language in the sense that every value
is an object. Types and behavior of objects are described by classes
and traits. Class abstractions are extended by subclassing and a
flexible mixin-based composition mechanism as a clean replacement for
multiple inheritance.
Scala is functional
Scala is also a functional language in the sense that every function is
a value. Scala provides a lightweight syntax for defining anonymous
functions, it supports higher-order functions, it allows functions to
be nested, and supports currying. Scala s case classes and its built-in
support for pattern matching model algebraic types used in many
functional programming languages.
Furthermore, Scala s notion of pattern matching naturally extends to
the processing of XML data with the help of regular expression
patterns. In this context, sequence comprehensions are useful for
formulating queries. These features make Scala ideal for developing
applications like web services.
Scala is statically typed
Scala is equipped with an expressive type system that enforces
statically that abstractions are used in a safe and coherent manner. In
particular, the type system supports:
* generic classes,
* variance annotations,
* upper and lower type bounds,
* classes and abstract types as object members,
* compound types,
* explicitly typed self references,
* views, and
* polymorphic methods.
A local type inference mechanism takes care that the user is not
required to annotate the program with redundant type information. In
combination, these features provide a powerful basis for the safe reuse
of programming abstractions and for the type-safe extension of software.
Scala is extensible
The design of Scala acknowledges the fact that in practice, the
development of domain-specific applications often requires
domain-specific language extensions. Scala provides a unique
combination of language mechanisms that make it easy to smoothly add
new language constructs in form of libraries:
* any method may be used as an infix or postfix operator, and
* closures are constructed automatically depending on the expected type (target typing).
A joint use of both features facilitates the definition of new
statements without extending the syntax and without using macro-like
meta-programming facilities.
Scala interoperates with Java and .NET
Scala is designed to interoperate well with popular programming
environments like the Java 2 Runtime Environment (JRE) and the .NET
CLR. In particular, the interaction with mainstream object-oriented
languages like Java and C# is as smooth as possible. Scala has the same
compilation model (separate compilation, dynamic class loading) like
Java and C# and allows access to thousands of high-quality libraries.
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